Exercise for Blood Sugar Control

This trial explores how different types of exercise affect blood sugar levels in non-diabetic and pre-diabetic adults. Participants will engage in two exercise routines: five days of moderate exercise and one session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The study examines the impact of these exercises on blood sugar levels to determine which is more effective in maintaining stability. Ideal candidates are those without diabetes but with slightly elevated blood sugar levels, who can perform both types of exercise and wear a continuous glucose monitor for 11 days. As an unphased trial, this study allows participants to contribute to valuable research on exercise and blood sugar management.

Research has shown that both High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and moderate intensity aerobic exercise are generally safe and well-tolerated by adults, including those at risk for or with type 2 diabetes.

HIIT can enhance heart and lung fitness and help lower average blood sugar levels over time, with few negative side effects. Some studies mention that HIIT might cause a temporary rise in blood sugar immediately after exercise, but this usually balances out during the day. Other research highlights improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels without major issues.

Moderate intensity exercise is also considered safe. Studies have found that regular moderate exercise can lower blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. Monitoring blood sugar during exercise is important to prevent it from dropping too low. If it does, stopping exercise and consuming a small amount of sugar can help.

Most treatments for blood sugar control primarily involve medications like insulin or metformin, which work by influencing insulin levels or sensitivity. But this trial is exploring exercise as a treatment, which is unique because it uses physical activity to manage blood sugar. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is particularly exciting because it involves short bursts of intense exercise that can improve sugar metabolism and insulin sensitivity more efficiently than traditional methods. Meanwhile, moderate intensity aerobic training offers a more sustained approach over consecutive days, potentially benefiting those who prefer steady-state exercises. Researchers are eager to discover if these exercise protocols can offer effective, non-pharmaceutical options for managing blood sugar levels.

This trial will compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on blood sugar control. Research has shown that HIIT, involving short bursts of intense exercise followed by rest, can significantly improve blood sugar control and insulin resistance in people with diabetes. Participants in one arm of this trial will engage in HIIT. Meanwhile, those in another arm will perform moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, which involves maintaining a steady pace and also helps lower blood sugar and improve insulin use. While HIIT might lead to faster improvements, both exercise types benefit blood sugar management and overall health.⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰