Exogenous Ketones for Prediabetes

This trial aims to determine whether older adults with prediabetes differ in brain energy use and thinking speed compared to those with normal blood sugar. It also examines whether a ketone supplement (exogenous ketones) can temporarily enhance brain function and thinking speed. Participants will undergo brain scans and cognitive tests before and after taking the supplement. Older adults aged 60 to 75 who are medically stable and have prediabetes or normal glucose levels may be suitable candidates. The results could reveal whether early metabolic issues relate to brain energy use and if ketones benefit those at risk for dementia. As an unphased trial, this study offers participants the chance to contribute to groundbreaking research that could lead to new insights into brain health and dementia prevention.

If you are taking glucose-lowering medications like insulin or metformin, you will need to stop, as the trial excludes participants using these medications.

Past research has generally found that taking extra ketones is safe and well-tolerated. One study showed that regular use for a month was safe and even helped control blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Another study found that a single dose can lower blood sugar levels without affecting insulin, which is important for managing blood sugar. While extra ketones are mostly considered safe for healthy adults, they may have some downsides. Overall, evidence suggests that taking extra ketones is safe for most people, especially when used occasionally.¹²³⁴⁵

Unlike the standard treatments for prediabetes, which often include lifestyle changes and medications like metformin to regulate blood sugar, exogenous ketones offer a novel approach. These ketones mimic the effects of a ketogenic diet by providing an alternative energy source to glucose, potentially improving insulin sensitivity and reducing blood sugar levels without drastic dietary changes. Researchers are excited about this treatment because it could offer a more flexible and less restrictive option for managing prediabetes, potentially enhancing patient adherence and outcomes.

Research has shown that ketone supplements can lower blood sugar levels and improve certain brain functions. In this trial, participants in the ketone arm will receive exogenous ketones. Studies have found that these supplements can reduce blood sugar by about 9.7 mg/dL, potentially aiding individuals with prediabetes in managing their blood sugar. Additionally, ketone supplements increase ketone levels in the blood, providing an alternative energy source for the brain. This is promising because it might enhance brain function, especially for those whose brains don't use glucose effectively, such as some people with prediabetes.¹⁶⁷⁸⁹