Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Aphasia

(ATLAS Trial)

This trial tests a brain stimulation technique called repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to aid in language recovery after a stroke. It aims to improve understanding and use of words and meanings, especially for those struggling with naming or making semantic errors. Participants will receive one of three types of stimulation—continuous Theta Burst Stimulation, intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation, or repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation—combined with speech and language therapy, to determine the most effective approach. Ideal candidates are right-handed, native English speakers who have experienced a single stroke affecting the left side of the brain and have been diagnosed with specific language impairments by a specialist.

As an unphased trial, this study provides a unique opportunity to contribute to groundbreaking research that could enhance recovery options for stroke patients.

The trial information does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications. It's best to discuss this with the trial coordinators or your doctor.

Research has shown that continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS) and intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) are generally safe for patients. In one study, participants experienced no side effects during or after cTBS, indicating its safety. Another study found that iTBS not only improved language in stroke patients but also had very few negative effects.

For repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), several studies have demonstrated its safety in helping people with aphasia, a language disorder, improve their language skills. Many studies reported no negative effects and noted significant improvements in language comprehension when rTMS was combined with speech therapy.

Researchers are excited about using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for treating aphasia because it offers a non-invasive way to potentially enhance brain function related to speech. Unlike traditional speech and language therapies that rely solely on exercises and practice, TMS directly stimulates specific brain areas using magnetic fields. This approach is unique because it can modulate brain activity more precisely and quickly. Additionally, the trial explores different TMS methods: continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS) and intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS), each targeting different brain regions to either inhibit or facilitate activity, offering a tailored approach to treatment. By combining these with standard speech therapy, researchers hope to improve language outcomes more effectively than current methods alone.

Research has shown that repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) can improve language skills in people with aphasia after a stroke. In this trial, participants will receive different types of rTMS. Studies on continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS), used in the inhibitory rTMS arm, suggest it can enhance naming abilities and sound-related language skills by targeting specific brain areas. Meanwhile, intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS), used in the facilitatory rTMS arm, has been linked to better language function and quality of life by promoting brain plasticity, which aids in adaptation and recovery. Both cTBS and iTBS have shown potential in supporting language recovery for individuals with post-stroke aphasia.²³⁵⁶⁷