Peanut Oral Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy

This trial tests a new method for treating peanut allergies, which can trigger serious allergic reactions. Participants will consume small, gradually increasing amounts of peanut protein to reduce sensitivity. The study compares two types of peanut oral immunotherapy treatments: regular blanched peanuts and autoclaved peanuts (heated to alter their proteins). The goal is to determine if autoclaved peanuts are safer and more tolerable. Individuals aged 4 to 30 with a confirmed peanut allergy and a history of allergic reactions to peanuts may qualify to participate. As a Phase 2 trial, the research focuses on assessing the treatment's effectiveness in an initial, smaller group.

The trial does not specify if you need to stop taking your current medications, but you cannot participate if you are on immunosuppressor therapy or β-blockers.

Previous studies have shown varying levels of safety and tolerability for both types of peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT). Research indicates that while many participants can tolerate higher doses of blanched peanut OIT, common side effects such as stomach issues and wheezing occur, as reported in data from various studies. These side effects were generally manageable.

For autoclaved peanut OIT, studies found that most participants could tolerate all levels of peanut protein after about 12 months of treatment. However, some experienced mild allergic reactions, known as immediate allergic reactions (IARs). In one study, about 15.6% of participants had these reactions, which were mostly mild.

Researchers are excited about these treatments for peanut allergy because they offer innovative approaches to desensitization. Unlike traditional methods that often involve gradual exposure to small amounts of peanuts, these treatments use either autoclaved peanuts or blanched peanuts. Autoclaved peanuts are unique because they undergo a high-pressure steam process that may alter the proteins responsible for allergic reactions, potentially making them safer for those with severe allergies. On the other hand, blanched peanuts are processed by removing their skins, which could reduce allergenicity. These methods could provide safer and more effective options for individuals with peanut allergies, offering hope for better management of this condition.

This trial will compare two forms of peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) for peanut allergies: autoclaved peanut OIT and standard blanched peanut OIT. Studies have shown that OIT can help people become less sensitive to peanuts, allowing them to consume more peanut protein without severe reactions. Specifically, 79% of participants in these studies safely consumed a daily dose of 3000 mg of peanut protein. Autoclaving peanuts, a process that breaks down the main allergens, has reduced allergic reactions, potentially making the treatment safer and more effective. For the standard blanched peanut OIT, over 85% of participants successfully became less sensitive and could eat three or more peanuts daily. Both treatments in this trial have shown strong potential to reduce allergic sensitivity in people with peanut allergies.⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰