Fish Oil for Type 2 Diabetes

(END-T2D Trial)

This trial tests whether different types of fish oil can improve metabolic health in individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It compares two types of fish oil, EPA and DHA, to determine which better aids insulin production and response, improves cholesterol levels, and enhances fat tissue health. Participants will take fish oil or a placebo (a harmless substitute) daily for 12 weeks and visit the research center for tests. This study may suit men and post-menopausal women who are non-smokers, have a higher body mass index (BMI), and are not managing diabetes. As a Phase 2 trial, this research focuses on measuring the treatment's effectiveness in an initial, smaller group, offering participants a chance to contribute to significant medical advancements.

Yes, you may need to stop taking certain medications, such as those for hypertension, weight loss, or cholesterol, as well as blood thinners and some other specific drugs. It's best to discuss your current medications with the study team to see if they are allowed.

Research has shown that fish oil components, DHA and EPA, are under study for their effects on type 2 diabetes. Some studies suggest that DHA might raise blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, other research indicates that DHA is generally safe at recommended doses and does not cause major side effects.

Unlike the standard treatments for Type 2 Diabetes, which often include medications like metformin and insulin to manage blood sugar levels, fish oil treatments like Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) offer a unique approach. These omega-3 fatty acids are derived from fish oil and are known for their potential anti-inflammatory properties, which could benefit people with Type 2 Diabetes by improving heart health and possibly aiding in glucose management. Researchers are particularly excited about DHA and EPA because they might offer added cardiovascular protection, a significant concern for diabetics. This approach not only targets blood sugar levels but also addresses associated risks, providing a more holistic treatment option.

This trial will compare the effects of two types of fish oil, EPA and DHA, on health markers related to type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that both EPA and DHA may improve certain health markers. Research indicates that EPA can enhance insulin effectiveness and reduce some blood markers linked to diabetes. DHA has improved fat tissue health and may lower harmful blood fats. However, neither EPA nor DHA consistently improves blood sugar levels in individuals with existing type 2 diabetes. Both types of fish oil have shown potential in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, particularly in those with high levels of certain blood fats.¹²⁶⁷⁸