28 Participants Needed

Odor Representation for Smell Identification

NA
Overseen ByNaelly Arriaga, MPH
Age: Any Age
Sex: Any
Trial Phase: Academic
Sponsor: Northwestern University
No Placebo GroupAll trial participants will receive the active study treatment (no placebo)

What You Need to Know Before You Apply

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial aims to understand how the brain identifies different smells. Researchers seek to determine if the brain uses a specific code to recognize odors based on neural patterns. Participants will identify and describe smells while researchers record their brain activity. The trial seeks English-speaking individuals aged 12 to 65 who are undergoing brain surgery for epilepsy and have no history of smell or taste problems. As an unphased trial, this study offers participants a unique opportunity to contribute to groundbreaking research on brain function and sensory perception.

Do I need to stop my current medications for the trial?

The trial information does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications.

What prior data suggests that this method is safe for investigating odor representation?

Research has shown that the piriform cortex, a part of the brain involved in the sense of smell, processes different odors. These studies examine how the brain recognizes various smells. Importantly, no evidence from these studies suggests that smelling different odors is unsafe for people.

In this trial, participants will encounter various smells. Smelling odors is a natural and common part of everyday life. Similar research settings have reported no harmful effects from simply smelling odors. This suggests that the treatment is likely safe and well-tolerated for participants in this study.12345

Why are researchers excited about this trial?

Researchers are excited about this trial because it explores how our brains identify different odors, specifically within the human piriform cortex. Unlike traditional methods that rely on subjective smell tests, this study aims to uncover the precise brain mechanisms that allow us to distinguish one scent from another. Understanding these processes could lead to breakthroughs in diagnosing and treating smell-related disorders, offering insights that current treatments don't provide.

What evidence suggests that this trial's methods could be effective for identifying odor representation?

Research has shown that the piriform cortex, a part of the brain, plays a crucial role in recognizing and sorting different smells. Studies have found that this brain area changes its response to smells, with individual brain cells reacting to various scents. One study discovered that the piriform cortex adjusts its activity to distinguish similar smells, allowing the brain to adapt for better odor recognition. Additionally, the piriform cortex keeps smell signals from each nostril separate, aiding in scent identification. These findings highlight the brain's ability to process and identify different smells. Participants in this trial will investigate representations of odor identity in the human piriform cortex.678910

Who Is on the Research Team?

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christina zelano

Principal Investigator

Northwestern University

Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?

This study is for English-speaking individuals aged 12 to 65 who are undergoing brain surgery for epilepsy that can't be controlled with medication. It aims to understand how the brain processes smells.

Inclusion Criteria

I am between 12 and 65 years old, speak English, and am having brain surgery for epilepsy.

Timeline for a Trial Participant

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Experiment 1A

Examine features of neural responses during natural behavior of freely naming odors

15 minutes per session
Multiple sessions

Experiment 1B

Manipulate perceptual similarity with odor metamers and collect perceptual and neural data

15 minutes per session
Multiple sessions

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment

4 weeks

What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?

Interventions

  • Odor

Trial Overview

The trial is investigating how our brains recognize different odors and if neural responses during smell identification relate to our perception of odor similarity. Participants will freely name odors and evaluate perceptual similarities between them.

How Is the Trial Designed?

1

Treatment groups

Experimental Treatment

Group I: Investigating representations of odor identity in human piriform cortex.Experimental Treatment1 Intervention

Find a Clinic Near You

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

Northwestern University

Lead Sponsor

Trials
1,674
Recruited
989,000+

Citations

Odor quality coding and categorization in human posterior ...

We show that spatially distributed ensemble activity in human posterior piriform cortex (PPC) coincides with perceptual ratings of odor quality.

Single-neuron representations of odours in the human brain

Here we report recordings of single-neuron activity in the piriform cortex and medial temporal lobe in awake humans performing an odour rating ...

The role of piriform associative connections in odor ...

Together these findings suggest that piriform cortex is capable of modulating pattern representations along a discrimination-generalization ...

Odor representations from the two nostrils are temporally ...

These findings reveal that PC maintains distinct representations of odor input from each nostril through temporal segregation.

Experience and behavior modulate piriform cortex odor ...

piriform cortex (PC) has been shown to reliably encode the identity of olfactory information within single sessions of odor delivery.

The role of piriform associative connections in odor ... - PMC

In the olfactory domain, pattern-based representations of odor objects are encoded in piriform cortex. This region receives both afferent and associative inputs ...

Odor coding in piriform cortex: mechanistic insights into ...

In this review, we describe the coding principles and mechanisms by which the piriform cortex and other olfactory areas encode three key odor features.

Diverse Patterns of Odor Representation by Neurons in the ...

Our findings suggest that odor representation is accomplished by both broadly tuned and narrow-tuned PNs in the aPCX of awake animals.

Semantic context‐dependent neural representations of odors ...

Here, we investigated whether multi‐voxel activity patterns in the piriform cortex change when semantic context modulates odor perception.

Projection-specific Routing of Odor Information in the ...

To investigate odor coding properties of OB- and mPFC-projecting piriform cortex (PCx) neurons, we injected an Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) ...